Outline

  • Abstract
  • Graphical Abstract
  • Keywords
  • Introduction
  • The Concept of Hydrogels As Wound Dressings
  • Skin and Wound Structure
  • Wound Dressings
  • History of Wound Dressings
  • Requirements of Ideal Wound Dressings
  • Classification of Wound Dressings
  • Traditional Dressings
  • Biological Dressings
  • Artificial Dressings
  • Natural Polymers
  • Collagen
  • Chitin Derivatives and Chitosan
  • Alginic Acid and Sodium Alginate
  • Starch and Starch Derivatives
  • Dextran
  • Glucan
  • Gelatin
  • Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine
  • Hyaluronic Acid or Hyaluronan
  • Bacterial Cellulose (bc)
  • Keratin and Silk
  • Synthetic Polymers
  • Polyurethane
  • Poly (methyl Methacrylate)
  • Proplast or Alloplastics
  • Poly(n-Vinylpyrrolidone) (pvp)
  • Polyethylene Glycol (peg)
  • Poly(n-Isopropylacrylamide) (pnipam)
  • Nanoparticles Composite-Polymers
  • Clay Nanocomposite-Membranes
  • Metal Oxides Composite-Membranes
  • Carbon-Based Materials Composite-Membranes
  • Other Nanoparticles Composite-Membranes
  • Conclusions
  • Conflicts of Interest
  • Compliance with Ethics Requirements
  • Acknowledgements
  • References

رئوس مطالب

  • چکیده
  • کلیدواژه ها
  • مقدمه
  • ساختار پوست و زخم
  • پانسمان زخم
  • تاریخچه پانسمان زخم
  • الزامات پانسمان ایده آل زخم
  • طبقه بندی پانسمان های زخم
  • پانسمان های سنتی یا رایج
  • پانسمان های بیولوژیکی
  • پانسمان های مصنوعی
  • پلیمرهای طبیعی
  • کلاژن
  • مشتقات کیتین و کیتوزان یا chitosan
  • اسید آلژینیک و آلژینات سدیم
  • نشاسته و مشتقات نشاسته
  • دکستران
  • گلوکان
  • ژلاتین
  • پلی-N- استیل گلوکزامین
  • اسید هیالورونیک یا هیالورونان
  • سلولز باکتریایی (BC)
  • کراتین و ابریشم
  • پلیمری های سنتزی یا مصنوعی
  • پلی اورتان یا Polyurethane
  • پلی (متیل متاکریلات)
  • پروپلاست Proplast یا آلوپلاستیک
  • پلی (N-وینیل پیرولیدون) (PVP)
  • پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG)
  • پلی (N-ایزوپروپیل آکریل آمید) (PNIPAm)
  • غشاهای نانوکامپوزیت خاک رس
  • غشاهای کامپوزیت اکسیدهای فلزی
  • غشاهای کامپوزیت مواد بر اساس کربن
  • غشاهای کامپوزیت نانو ذرات دیگر
  • نتیجه گیری

Abstract

This review presents the past and current efforts with a brief description on the featured properties of hydrogel membranes fabricated from biopolymers and synthetic ones for wound dressing applications. Many endeavors have been exerted during past ten years for developing new artificial polymeric membranes, which fulfill the demanded conditions for the treatment of skin wounds. This review mainly focuses on representing specifications of ideal polymeric wound dressing membranes, such as crosslinked hydrogels compatible with wound dressing purposes. But as the hydrogels with single component have low mechanical strength, recent trends have offered composite or hybrid hydrogel membranes to achieve the typical wound dressing requirements.

Keywords: - - - -

Conclusions

In this review, the most update progress of the use of polymeric hydrogel membranes as wound dressings were recollected and summarized. The wet-retentive dressings have been chosen previously based on the type of wound-shape. Conversely, polymeric hydrogel dressings were found currently a convenient for any wound and burn types regardless the wound-shape. The traditional gauze cotton-dressings can injure the wound upon removal time. Thus, the occlusive polymeric dressings were preferred over the semi-occlusive and traditional dressings. The first category of polymeric dressings is based on natural polymers, which are among the core topics intensively discussed in literatures. Chitosan, glucan, alginates, and hyaluronan are more efficient as a wound-healing accelerator than synthetic polymers. Notably, wounds covered with biopolymers, e.g. chitosan-based dressings showed fast healing rate and scarless healing, which are similar the normal skin. The second category of dressings is based on the combination between biopolymers and synthetic ones using favorable physical crosslinking method which is a convenient for healing process. PVA-biopolymers composites membranes exhibited better biological and antimicrobial activities than those composite with synthetic polymers, particularly PVA-chitosan and PVA-alginate membranes. Moreover, PVA-biopolymers composite membranes containing healing agents (e.g. Aloe vera, PEG, sterculia/Arabic gums) or antibiotics (e.g. sod. ampicillin or gentamicin) suggested being typical dressings for acute and chronic wounds. The third category of dressings is based on PVA-nanoparticles-composite membranes were exploited to achieve the features of polymer and nanofillers for improving the performance of dressings of faster healing rate, pain relieving role, and easier removal. Finally, it have decided that natural polymers based dressings have outperformed the synthetic polymers, while additives were incorporated to accelerate the healing rate and improve the mechanical potential, which were lately found advanced therapeutic impact as wound dressings.

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