رئوس مطالب
- تئوری توسعه و ساخت
- احساسات مثبت و انعطاف پذیری نفس
- شفاف سازی و توضیح شادی
- فرضیه
- روش تحقیق
- شرکت کنندگان
- معیارها
- احساسات روزانه
- انعطاف پذیری نفس
- رضایتمندی از زندگی
- فرایند و طرز عمل
- نتایج
- فرضیه 1: آیا احساسات مثبت (اما نه منفی) افزایش انعطاف پذیری نفس و رضایتمندی از زندگی را پیش بینی می کند؟
- فرضیه 2: آیا احساسات مثبت (اما نه رضایتمندی از زندگی) تا حدی رابطه ی بین نمرات اولیه و نهایی انعطاف پذیری نفس را تعدیل می کند؟
- فرضیه 3: آیا افزایش انعطاف پذیری نفس مسئول رابطه ی بین احساسات مثبت و افزایش رضایتمندی از زندگی است؟
- فرضیه 4: آیا احساسات منفی تاثیرات احساسات مثبت را کاهش می دهد؟
- فرضیه 5: آیا افزایش سطح احساسات مثبت ضروری هستند؟
- بحث
- احساسات مثبت و منفی
- محدودیت ها و آثار آینده
- نتیجه گیری
Abstract
Happiness – a composite of life satisfaction, coping resources, and positive emotions – predicts desirable life outcomes in many domains. The broaden-and-build theory suggests that this is because positive emotions help people build lasting resources. To test this hypothesis we measured emotions daily for one month in a sample of students (N=86) and assessed life satisfaction and trait resilience at the beginning and end of the month. Positive emotions predicted increases in both resilience and life satisfaction. Negative emotions had weak or null effects, and did not interfere with the benefits of positive emotions. Positive emotions also mediated the relation between baseline and final resilience, but life satisfaction did not. This suggests that it is in-the-moment positive emotions, and not more general positive evaluations of one’s life, that form the link between happiness and desirable life outcomes. Change in resilience mediated the relation between positive emotions and increased life satisfaction, suggesting that happy people become more satisfied not simply because they feel better, but because they develop resources for living well.
Conclusions
Positive emotions are a powerful source of growth and change, predicting both individuals’ judgments about life and their skills for living well. The relation between ego resilience scores across 1 month depends partly on the fact that ego resilience generates positive emotions, suggesting an upward spiral in which ego resilience and positive emotions maintain and build on one another. Positive emotions and ego resilience are associated with rising life satisfaction, but life satisfaction itself is static and does not contribute to its own positive feedback loop. In other words, it is not sufficient to appreciate or approve of one’s life in a general way; lived experiences such as joy and interest are what start the process of exploring, learning, connecting, and ultimately building new resources. Those resources can later improve one’s life, offering up new opportunities for enjoyment and resource building. We look forward to further exploring this potential for daily positive emotions to feed a cycle of lifelong growth.