الگو و روابط جنسیتی در تیم پروژه مجازی و ارزیابی خصوصیات شخصیتی اعضا

ABSTRACT Gender Relations in Virtual Project Team

This paper aims to study the influence of gender stereotypes upon professional relations, namely preferences to work with members of a certain sex of a virtual team, involved in a professional project. In the given context, the collaboration with other members of the team is not directly but through the Internet, a neutral environment that does not exercise any influence on interpersonal relationships. Moreover, the gender of the people communicating via the Internet, can be said or conjectural assumed, situation in which male and female roles are assumed appeal to the concept of gender, a culturally constructed concept, and not at sex that is constructed biologically. A stereotype is a set of personal beliefs to a group, beliefs about certain personal characteristics (Leyens, Yzerbyt & Schadron, 1994). Traditional gender stereotypes are related to family, work and participation in government services. For example, estimating the performance of a woman and a man are in the same working conditions, shows that, generally, men are judged more favourable than women when their results are identical (Pheterson, Kiesler & Goldberg, 1971; Deaux & Tayna, 1973). Moreover, the performance of a man in a male task is explained by competence, while the performance made by a woman in an identical task is attributed to chance (Deaux & Emswiller, 1990). Thus, a first objective of this article is the study of the gender stereotypes over performance in certain professional activities. A second objective is the investigation of personality characteristics of team members, and then evaluating these features in terms of desirability and social utility. According to Beauvois and his colleagues (Beauvois, 1995; Beauvois, Dubois & Peeters, 1999, Dubois 2005, Dubois and Beauvois, 2001; Cambon, 2002; Le Barbenchon, Cambon and Lavigne, 2005), the social value of people is dichotomizing in social utility and social desirability. Desirability, which participates in a socio-relational registry anchored on the emotional and motivational level, would refer to the agreeableness, attractive and pleasant, to each of the characteristics of the person (and more generally of the object) evaluated. Social utility provides information on the suitability of the person with social functioning, in other words, we specify the adequacy of its characteristics to the requirements of social functioning. It should be noted that this is not a situational or functional utility and must consider the economic dimension of social utility and its relationship to the social context. Dubois (2005, p.47) presents the social utility that refers to “knowledge that we have about the chance of success or failure of a person in society according to its more or less match to the requirements of social functioning in which it is.” Cambon (2006) for a better understanding of the social utility term, talks us about the value of a person, which leads us to an economic significance of utility. Another way to say it: the desirability respond to emotional or motivational record, and the utility respond to ability to evolve effectively in the social system in which the valuation is made (Beauvois, 1995).