مکان شناسی اینورتر قدرت و ساختارهای کنترل جهت سیستم های فتوولتائیک (PV) متصل به شبکه

ABSTRACT Overview of power inverter topologies and control structures for grid connected photovoltaic systems

With the increasing concern about global environmental protection, the need to produce pollution-free natural energy such as solar energy has received great interest as an alternative source of energy for the future since it is clean, pollution-free and inexhaustible.

Over the last decade, PV technology has shown the potential to become a major source of power generation for the world—with robust and continuous growth even during times of financial and economic crisis. That growth is expected to continue in the years ahead as worldwide awareness for the advantages of PV increases. At the end of 2010, the world’s PV cumulative installed capacity was approaching 41 GW. One year later it was 71 GW. In 2012, more than 100 GW were installed as shown in Fig. 1. PV is now, after hydro and wind power, the third most important renewable energy source in terms of globally installed capacity. The growth rate of PV during 2012 reached almost 70%, an outstanding level among all renewable technologies [1].

The number of PV installations has an exponential growth, mainly due to the governments and utility companies that support programs which focus on grid-connected PV systems [2]. In an effort to use solar energy effectively, a great deal of research has been done on the grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems. Fig. 2 shows the total PV power installed in the Europe, 98.7% correspond to PV grid-connected and only 1.3% for off grid.

In PV systems connected to the grid, the inverter which converts the output direct current (DC) of the solar modules to the alternate current (AC) is receiving increased interest in order to generate power to utility. Many topologies are used to this purpose. This paper gives an overview of power inverter topologies and control structures for grid connected photovoltaic systems. In the first section, various configurations for grid connected photovoltaic systems and power inverter topologies are described. The following sections report, investigate and present control structures for single phase and three phase inverters. Some solutions to control the power injected into the grid and functional structures of each configuration are proposed.