Outline
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Targets for Genetic Improvement of Banana
- Conventional Techniques for Genetic Improvement of Banana
- Sexual Hybridization
- Induction of Mutations
- Tissue Culture-Based Technologies for Banana
- Embryo Rescue
- Micropropagation
- Plant Regeneration from Cultured Cells by Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis
- Generation of Somaclonal Variation
- Somatic Hybridization
- Genetic Transformation
- Genomic Studies Involving Banana
- Conservation of Bananas
- Seed Conservation
- In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation
- General Conclusions
- References
رئوس مطالب
- چکیده
- کلید واژه ها
- مقدمه
- اهداف اصلاح ژنتیکی در موز
- روش های سنتی برای اصلاح ژنتیکی در موز
- هیبریداسیون جنسی
- القاء موتاسیون
- تکنیک های مبتنی برکشت بافت برای موز
- نجات جنین
- ریزازدیادی
- باززایی گیاه از سلول های کشت شده از طریق اندام زایی و جنین زایی سوماتیک
- تنوع ژنتیکی سوماکلونال
- هیبریداسیون سوماتیک
- ترانسفورماسیون ژنتیکی
- مطالعات ژنتیکی دربرگیرنده موز
- نگهداری موز
- نگهداری دانه
- نگهداری در محل و خارج از محل
- نتیجه گیری کلی
Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important nutrient-rich fruit crop cultivated in the tropics and sub-tropics for local consumption and export. Targets for genetic improvement of banana range from improved fruit quality, yield, disease resistance, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the biosynthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Sterility has limited the success of generating new cultivars by conventional breeding. Tissue culture-based technologies that involve embryo rescue, the generation of somaclonal variation, and gene-transfer procedures are a useful adjunct to sexual hybridization, although considerable effort is required to establish robust protoplast-to-plant systems for somatic hybridization. Transformation involving Agrobacterium and biolistics- mediated gene transfer is feasible, underpinned by shoot regeneration from cultured cells and tissues. Molecular characterization of germplasm will facilitate the selection of material most relevant for incorporation into sexual and somatic genetic-improvement programs.
Keywords: banana (Musa spp) - conventional breeding - cryopreservation - genetic manipulation - micropropagation - somatic hybridization/cybridization - tissue and cell culture - transformationGENERAL CONCLUSIONS
Sustainable banana production is vital to ensure a constant supply of fruit to meet world food demand. However, fruit production faces challenges from changing economic, social, and environmental conditions. The genetic improvement of banana is one of the strategies to ensure sustained production. Consequently, strategies that exploit both conventional and biotechnological approaches, particularly genomic analyses and transformation, have considerable potential to play a role in achieving sustainable fruit production. Genetic and physical mapping of the Musa genome will facilitate the isolation of genes that are potentially useful in genetic transformation, with significant progress being achieved in this area in recent years. Improved understanding of genomes will facilitate targeted breeding and more efficient use of existing Musa biodiversity. In vitro-based technologies, particularly genetic transformation, offer excellent opportunities to create novel cultivars with targeted traits through the manipulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. Exposure of somaclonal variation through basic tissue-culture procedures will continue to generate new cultivars, whereas somatic hybridization and cybridization by protoplast fusion will also enable the mobilization of genetic material without the requirement to isolate and characterize DNA. Overall, the genetic improvement of bananas is crucial to generate new cultivars that are productive as well as adapted to different environmental conditions. It requires the availability of suitable germplasm combined with experimental procedures and the practical expertise and theoretical knowledge of biotechnologists and breeders to manipulate nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes using both conventional and biotechnological approaches. In the long term, genetically improved banana cultivars could ensure sustained fruit production for food security, with the additional advantage of guaranteed income for farmers in producing countries.