رئوس مطالب
- چکیده
- کلیدواژه ها
- I. مقدمه
- II.روش تحقیق
- A. بررسی های تجربی
- B. برنامه نویسی عددی
- C.تحلیل ترکیبی
- III. تحلیل و نتایج
- A.ارزیابی تجربی
- B. نتایج عددی
- IV. نتایج و بحث
Abstract
Skin is an important organ and many studies have been carried out to understand its functions and behaviour. Nevertheless, there is still lack of reliable data and theory that could best define skin deformation behaviour. Therefore, this paper aims to quantify the biomechanical properties of bovine under uniaxial tension skin utilising experiment-numerical approach. Bovine skin samples were tested according to ASTM D2209-00 standard to obtain stress-stretch data. Based on the experiment data, a programme is written using Matlab to quantify and determine the bovine skin biomechanical properties. The Ogden parameters are found to be µ = 0.4 and α = 4.6. These values are important for future reference and therefore proving that the current study is significant and has contributed to the pool of knowledge in the area of skin biomechanics.
Keywords: biomechanical properties - bovine skin - ogden constitutive modelConclusions
According to experimental result in Table II, the variance of stretch values between minimum of 0% to the maximum of 0.027%. Hereby it apparent that the experimental results are consistently performed since the variances is less than 5%. Therefore these data are reliable to be proceeding with numerical analysis. From Table I and II, the stretch value for each sample and its average value (mean) in the mechanical testing conducted are comparable. All stretch values and mean varies by7.85% and 13.04% for minimum and maximum stretch values respectively. Again, with the minor differences and less than 20% of error, the data is suitable for next numerical analysis. When referring to previous research by Manan et. al. on bovine skin without shaving [2], the result are slightly varied with maximum value of 7.95%. It is signified here that presence of hair on bovine skin may affecting the properties.
From Fig. 4, it is apparent that the experimental and the numerical results obtained are in good agreement with only a slightly difference of only 4% on the constructed line of the numerical results at stress 0.5 MPa. Therefore, it could be established that the Odgen formulation in the developed FE programme is reliable and accurate enough to further investigate the mechanical properties of skin. This paper highlights the success of integrating experiment-numerical approach in quantifying bovine skin under uniaxial tension.
The quantified and determined biomechanical properties of bovine skin are important and could be used as a reference for future research.
Furthermore, the investigation on the effect of hair on bovine skin was successful since the result showing the 50% improvement on the mean value obtained compared to the previous research [2]. In addition, new characteristic of bovine skin’s biomechanical properties without hair was also determined.