رئوس مطالب

  • مقدمه
  • کلیدواژه ها
  • مرور تاریخی
  • PAF NF پروتکل پیشنهادی برای افزایش شناختی
  • روش
  • شرکت‌کنندگان
  • تجهیزات و دستگاه‌ها
  • ابزارها و کارهای ارزیابی
  • روال کار
  • تحلیل داده‌ها
  • نتایج
  • عملکرد نوروفیدبک
  • گزارشات شخصی
  • پرسشنامه حالات و صفات شخصیتی (STPI)
  • حافظه
  • استروپ
  • کار n- برگشت
  • کار برو- نرو
  • نتایج الکتروانسفالوگرام
  • بحث
  • اثربخشی نوروفیدبک اوج فرکانس آلفا
  • تغییرات الکتروانسفالوگرام و رابطه آن‌ها با تغییرات رفتاری
  • محدودیت‌های تحقیق
  • نتایج

Abstract

Neurofeedback (NF) is an electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback technique for training individuals to alter their brain activity via operant conditioning. Research has shown that NF helps reduce symptoms of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, with ongoing research currently investigating applications to other disorders and to the enhancement of non-disordered cognition. The present article briefly reviews the fundamentals and current status of NF therapy and research and illustrates the basic approach with an interim report on a pilot study aimed at developing a new NF protocol for improving cognitive function in the elderly. EEG peak alpha frequency (PAF) has been shown to correlate positively with cognitive performance and to correlate negatively with age after childhood. The present pilot study used a double-blind controlled design to investigate whether training older individuals to increase PAF would result in improved cognitive performance. The results suggested that PAF NF improved cognitive processing speed and executive function, but that it had no clear effect on memory. In sum, the results suggest that the PAF NF protocol is a promising technique for improving selected cognitive functions.

Keywords: - - - - - -

Conclusions

In general, NF has been shown to be a promising technique for a variety of psychological and neurological disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, ADHD, and possibly TBI, depression, learning disabilities, and autistic disorders. Moreover, NF has been shown to help healthy individuals improve their cognitive performance.

According to the results reported here, PAF NF in healthy elderly individuals may improve cognitive processing speed and executive function, but have little or no effect on memory. In contrast, alpha amplitude NF may improve verbal, visual, and working memory, but worsen speed of processing and executive function.

The present study illustrated the process of developing a new NF protocol from theoretical conceptualization to protocol design, to EEG and behavioral results, and showed that NF is an EEG frequency-specific technique that can be controlled for non-specific placebo effects. As our understanding of the relationship between specific components of the EEG and mental function grows, new NF protocols may attempt to treat mental conditions not addressed previously. This will be the product of combining clinical observation, new knowledge of the EEG, and experimentation on NF.

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